Shortfill
Showing 76–100 of 196 results
-
E-liquid, Space Man
Grape Blood E liquid | Space Man
Experience the tantalizing blend of Grape Blood E Liquid by Space Man, a unique infusion of tangy blood orange and luscious grapes that offers an unforgettable vaping sensation.
Key Features:
- Unique Flavor Fusion: A bold combination of sweet grapes and rich dark blackcurrant creates an irresistible, powerful taste.
- Bottle Specifications: Packaged in a 120ml bottle, it contains 100ml of e-liquid, leaving room for 2 x 10ml nicotine shots. The addition of 2 x 10ml 18mg nicotine boosters achieves a 3mg nicotine strength.
- Versatile Options: Available in two variants – 2x Nic shots 18mg and 2x Cool Nic Shot 18mg, catering to different preferences.
- High VG Blend: With a 70% Vegetable Glycerine to 30% Propylene Glycol ratio, this blend ensures exceptional flavor and vapor production, ideal for sub-ohm use.
- Safety and Quality Assurance: Bowman Specialised Liquids’ product is free from harmful substances like tar, tobacco, and carbon monoxide, ensuring a safer vaping experience for users above 18 years old.
You can find Grape Blood E Liquid at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store, providing a secure and reliable source for your vaping needs.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, El Fruto
Grape E liquid | El Fruto
Experience the tantalizing taste of Grape E liquid El Fruto, capturing the essence of freshly picked Concord grapes.
Key Features:
- Concord Grape Essence: Crafted from freshly picked Concord grapes for an authentic, rich flavor experience.
- High VG Blend: This e-liquid boast a 70% VG to 30% PG ratio is perfect for sub-ohm vaping, ensuring exceptional vapor and flavor.
- Nicotine Customization: Comes with options for 2 x 10ml nicotine shots, allowing adjustment to a 3mg nicotine strength.
- Tar-Free Formula: Bowman Specialised Liquids’ commitment to a tar, tobacco, and carbon monoxide-free composition ensures a safer vaping experience.
- Targeted Usage: Designed for existing smokers aged 18 or over, offering an alternative to traditional smoking.
- Safety Assured: Includes crucial health warnings and guidelines for responsible usage.
Exclusively available at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store for a premium vaping experience.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, Flavour Burst Ice
Grape Ice E liquid | Flavour Burst Ice
Introducing Grape Ice E liquid by Flavour Burst Ice – a tantalizing symphony of sweet grape and refreshing menthol ICE.
Key Features:
- Flavor Fusion: Grape Ice E liquid combines the natural sweetness of grapes with the invigorating coolness of menthol ICE, delivering a unique and delightful vaping experience.
- Perfect VG/PG Ratio: With a meticulously crafted 70%/30% VG/PG ratio, this e-liquid ensures a harmonious balance between rich vapor production and a satisfying throat hit.
- Convenient Packaging: Presented in a user-friendly 120ml shortfill bottle, Grape Ice E liquid provides 100ml of flavor-packed e-liquid, giving vapers the option to customize their experience with Two x 10ml Nicotine Shots.
- Nicotine Strength Options: Tailor your vaping experience by adding 2 x 18mg Nicotine Shots, achieving a 3mg strength that suits your preferences.
- Nic Shot Choices: Explore the variety with two Nic Shot options – the standard 2x Nic Shot 18mg or the Cool Nic Shot 18mg, adding an extra layer of refreshing coolness to your vape.
- Safety First: Bowman Specialised Liquids emphasizes safety, providing important information about nicotine content and allergens. Consult your doctor if unsure about usage.
- Alternative to Smoking: Designed for existing smokers aged 18 and over, It serves as a cleaner alternative to traditional smoking, free from tar, tobacco, and carbon monoxide.
Purchase Grape Ice E liquid at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store, a trusted retailer offering easy access to this exceptional e-liquid.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, Frooti Tooti
Grape Kush | Frooti Tooti
Introducing Grape Kush 100ml Shortfill E-Liquid by Frooti Tooti – a vaping sensation that takes your taste buds on a thrilling journey.
Key Features:
- Exquisite Flavor Profile: Enjoy the perfect fusion of deep dark berries and invigorating menthol mint for a vaping experience like no other.
- Generous 120ml Bottle: Indulge in a substantial quantity, providing 100ml of nicotine-free 50vg 50pg flavored e-liquid.
- Customizable Nicotine Strength: Take control of your vaping experience with the option to add Nicotine Shots, achieving a satisfying 3mg nicotine strength.
- Cost-Effective Option: 120ml bottle and Nicotine Shots, a more economical choice compared to pre-mixed 10ml bottles.
Discover Grape Kush’s unique flavor and quality packaging only at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store.
SKU: n/a -
Britannia Gold, E-liquid
Grape Shortfill E-liquid | Britannia Gold
Introducing Britannia Gold’s Grape Shortfill E-liquid – a vaping sensation that transcends the ordinary. Immerse yourself in the sweet, succulent, and candy-like grape flavor that has captivated the vaping world.
Key Features:
- Exceptional Flavor: Immerse yourself in a sweet, succulent, and candy-like grape flavor that remains unparalleled.
- Benchmark of Flavor Excellence: Crafted with precision since 2012, It sets the standard for bold and rich vaping experiences.
- Perfect VG/PG Ratio: With a 40% VG and 60% PG ratio, enjoy a harmonious blend of flavor and satisfying vapor production.
- Customizable Nicotine Levels: The 120ml bottle is ready for 2 x 18mg Add Nic Shots, allowing you to tailor your nicotine intake to your preferences.
- Secure Packaging: Featuring a tamper-evident design and a child-proof cap, Britannia Gold ensures the integrity and safety of your vaping experience.
- Healthier Alternative: Free from tar, tobacco, and carbon monoxide, this e-liquid is crafted as a healthier option for adult vapers.
Britannia Gold’s Grape Shortfill E-liquid is available exclusively at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store, ensuring a premium and controlled distribution.
SKU: n/a -
Big Frut, E-liquid
Grape Strawberry | Big Frut
Indulge your senses with Big Frut Grape Strawberry shortfill e-liquid.
Key Features:
- Flavor Fusion: Immerse yourself in a symphony of sweetness with the perfect balance of ripe grapes and succulent strawberries.
- Bottle Size and Content: Packaged in a 120ml bottle, the e-liquid contains 100ml of delightful flavor, leaving space for customization.
- Nicotine Flexibility: Tailor your experience with the option to add 2 x 10ml nicotine boosters, achieving a 3mg nicotine strength blend.
- High VG Blend: A high VG (70%) to PG (30%) ratio ensures not only excellent flavor but also impressive vapor production, perfect for sub-ohm vaping.
Available only at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store, Grape Strawberry promises a unique flavor journey.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, Wow That's What I Call Tropical
Guava E liquid | Wow That’s What I Call Tropical
Introducing Guava E liquid by Wow That’s What I Call Tropical! This tropical blend e-liquid captures the sweet, aromatic, and exotic essence of guava, delivering a taste of summer that you can savor year-round.
Key Features:
- Tropical Sensation: Experience the sweet, exotic notes of guava in every inhale, delivering a taste of summer throughout the year.
- High VG Blend: A 70% Vegetable Glycerine to 30% Propylene Glycol ratio ensures rich flavor and impressive vapor production, perfect for sub-ohm vaping.
- Customizable Nicotine Strength: Comes with the option to add 2 x 10ml, 18mg nicotine shots, allowing users to tailor their vaping experience.
- Health-Conscious Formula: Free from tar, tobacco, and carbon monoxide, providing a safer alternative to traditional smoking.
Available only at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store, ensuring a direct and reliable source for this tropical delight.
SKU: n/a -
A.I chemist, E-liquid
Guava Vape Juice | A.I Chemist
Experience the tantalizing essence of summer encapsulated in A.I. Chemist‘s Guava Vape Juice. A delightful fusion of sweet, creamy guava creates a vaping journey reminiscent of sipping on cool guava sherbet.
Key Features:
- Taste of Summer: Enjoy the refreshing and delightful taste of sweet and creamy guava, resembling a cool guava sherbet.
- Optimal Bottle Size: Contains 100ml of e-liquid in a 120ml bottle, leaving room for 2 x 10ml 18mg nicotine shots for a 3mg nicotine strength.
- High VG Blend: Crafted with a 70% Vegetable Glycerine to 30% Propylene Glycol ratio, ideal for enhanced flavor and vapor production.
- Perfect for Sub-Ohm Use: Tailored for sub-ohm devices, ensuring a satisfying vaping experience.
- Bowman Specialised Liquids Guarantee: Free from tar, tobacco, and carbon monoxide, providing a safer vaping alternative.
Only available at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store, offering a unique vaping option for enthusiasts.
SKU: n/a -
Acid House, E-liquid
HZN | Acid House
Introducing HZN by Acid House, a tantalizing e-liquid that combines the sweet and tangy essence of blueberries with the refreshing coolness of menthol.
Key Features:
- Flavor Fusion: HZN is a delightful fusion of sweet blueberries and refreshing menthol, delivering a unique and tantalizing flavor profile.
- Generous Bottle Size: Each bottle contains 120ml of e-liquid, ensuring you have an ample supply to satisfy your vaping needs.
- Nicotine-Free: With a nicotine strength of 0mg, it’s perfect for vapers who prefer a nicotine-free experience without compromising on flavor.
- Smooth Vapor Production: The 70VG ratio guarantees smooth and satisfying clouds of vapor, making it ideal for sub-ohm vaping.
- Blue Raspberry Notes: Enriched with prominent blue raspberry notes, adding a layer of complexity to the flavor and making it a truly unique vaping experience.
- Quality Assurance: Crafted in the UK, adheres to strict quality and safety standards, ensuring a premium vaping experience.
- Age-Appropriate: Intended for responsible adult use and is not for persons under the age of 18.
You can find HZN at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store, your trusted destination for high-quality e-liquids and vaping accessories.
SKU: n/a -
Britannia Gold, E-liquid
Ice Mint E liquid | Britannia Gold
Introducing Ice Mint E Liquid: a refreshing fusion of mint and menthol for an invigorating vaping experience. Crafted with precision by Britannia Gold, this 100ml shortfill in a 120ml bottle offers a nicotine-free base with options for customization.
Key Features
- VG/PG Ratio: A smooth blend of 40% vegetable glycerin (VG) and 60% propylene glycol (PG) ensures a satisfying vape.
- Tamper-Evident Packaging: Each bottle is sealed for freshness and safety, giving you peace of mind.
- Child-Proof Cap: Designed with safety in mind, the cap helps prevent accidental spills or access by children.
- Customizable Nicotine Strength: Enhance your vaping experience with optional nicotine shots for an extra kick.
- Premium Quality: Crafted to the highest standards by Britannia Gold, this e-liquid promises a premium vaping experience.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, Flavour Burst Ice
Iceberg E liquid | Flavour Burst Ice
Introducing Iceberg E Liquid by Flavour Burst Ice – a frosty delight that takes your vaping experience to new heights.
Key Features:
- Ice Cold Menthol Flavor: Enjoy the refreshing and invigorating taste that sets Iceberg E liquid apart.
- VG/PG Ratio 70%/30%: Experience the perfect balance for a satisfying and smooth vaping experience.
- 120ml Shortfill Bottle: Generous packaging ensures you get more of what you love, with 100ml of e-liquid.
- Nicotine Customization: Tailor your experience with Two x 10ml Nicotine Shots (optional) to achieve your desired strength.
- Product Options: Choose between 2x Nic shot 18mg or 2x Cool Nic Shot 18mg for a personalized touch.
- Crafted by Bowman Specialised Liquids: A product from a reputable brand dedicated to providing a cleaner alternative to smoking.
- No Tar, No Tobacco, No Carbon Monoxide: A healthier choice for adult smokers looking to transition from traditional cigarettes.
Elevate your vaping experience with Iceberg E liquid, the pinnacle of menthol-infused satisfaction. Available at EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store.
SKU: n/a -
The Juiceman
Iceburg | The Juiceman
Experience the refreshing burst of Iceburg by The Juiceman, a tantalizing e-liquid blend that encapsulates the sweetness of ripe blue raspberry, the chilling sensation of blue ice pops, and the invigorating twist of a blueberry slushie.
Key Features:
- Triple Flavor Fusion: Combines the sweetness of ripe blue raspberry, the icy chill of blue ice pops, and the refreshing zest of a blueberry slushie.
- Customizable Nicotine Content: Includes a 120ml bottle of Nicotine-free 50vg 50pg e-liquid, with the option to add 2 x 10ml Nicotine shots to reach a 3mg concentration.
- Balanced VG/PG Ratio: Delivers a balanced 50% Vegetable Glycerin (VG) and 50% Propylene Glycol (PG) blend for a satisfying vaping experience.
- Refreshing and Invigorating: Offers a burst of unique flavors, providing a refreshing and invigorating vaping sensation with every puff.
Obtain Iceburg e-liquid solely from the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store for a premium vaping indulgence.
SKU: n/a -
Britannia Gold, E-liquid
Iced Coffee Shortfill E-liquid | Britannia Gold
Experience the bold and refreshing world of Britannia Gold’s Iced Coffee Shortfill E-liquid.
Key Features:
- Bold Flavor Trio: Indulge in the harmonious blend of bold coffee, smooth cream, and a hint of ice, creating a truly unique and satisfying flavor profile.
- 120ml Shortfill Bottle: Generous sizing ensures a lasting vaping experience, allowing you to savor the rich flavors without the need for constant refills.
- Nicotine Customization: Tailor your vaping experience with the 0mg nicotine base and the option to add 2 x 18mg Add nicotine shots, giving you control over nicotine levels.
- Perfect VG/PG Ratio: The well-balanced 40% VG 60% PG ratio delivers a smooth and satisfying vape, catering to both flavor enthusiasts and cloud chasers.
- Tamper-Evident, Child-Proof Cap: Prioritize safety with tamper-evident packaging and a child-proof cap, ensuring a secure and worry-free vaping experience.
- Britannia Gold Legacy: Produced in 2012, Britannia Gold has become a trusted name in the vaping community, known for its commitment to quality and flavor excellence.
Exclusive access to Iced Coffee Shortfill E-liquid by Britannia Gold at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store, your destination for premium vaping products.
SKU: n/a -
Why So Cereal
Irish Treasures | Why So Cereal
Irish Treasures e-liquid, crafted by Why So Cereal, is a flavorful blend reminiscent of the enchanting luck of the Irish. This delightful concoction combines the crunch of wheat cereal, and the sweetness of marshmallows, all swirling in a creamy milk base.
Key Features:
- Ireland’s Magic in a Bottle: Irish Treasures e-liquid Captures the essence of Ireland with a magical blend of flavors.
- Crunchy Wheat Cereal: Enjoy the satisfying crunch of wheat cereal in every vape.
- Sweet Marshmallow Bliss: Delight in the sweetness of fluffy marshmallows that complement the cereal perfectly.
- Creamy Milk Base: A smooth, creamy milk base provides a harmonious foundation for these flavors to come together.
- Nicotine Boost Option: Customize your nicotine experience by adding 2 x 10ml nicotine shots for a 3mg strength.
- High VG Ratio: With a 70% VG to 30% PG ratio, this e-liquid guarantees not only great flavor but also impressive vapor production.
- Safe and Responsible: Designed as an alternative for adult smokers, Irish Treasures contains no tar, tobacco, or carbon monoxide.
Find this unique flavor exclusively at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, Wow Thats What I Call Soda
Iron Brew | Wow That’s What I Call Soda
Introducing Iron Brew by Wow That’s What I Call Soda, the ultimate e-liquid that brings the authentic taste of Scotland’s beloved orange soda to your vaping experience.
Key Features:
- Authentic Taste of Scotland: Experience the genuine flavor of Scotland’s beloved orange soda in every vape.
- Sweet and Playful: A delightful blend of sugary sweetness with a playful bubble-gum undertone for a unique and enjoyable taste.
- All-Day Vape: Perfect for all-day vaping, Iron Brew offers a smooth and satisfying flavor that won’t become overwhelming.
- Nicotine Customization: The 120ml bottle comes with 100ml of e-liquid and allows for easy customization of nicotine strength with 2 x 10ml nicotine shots.
- Two Nicotine Booster Options: Choose between 2x Nic Shot 18mg for a straightforward nicotine boost or 2x Cool Nic Shot 18mg for a cooling sensation.
- High VG Blend: With a 70% Vegetable Glycerine to 30% Propylene Glycol ratio, Ensures excellent flavor and vapor production, ideal for sub-ohm vaping.
- Safety First: Bowman Specialised Liquids products are designed for adults aged 18 and over and do not contain tar, tobacco, or carbon monoxide.
Elevate your vaping experience with Iron Brew, a flavorful and safe choice for vapers of all levels, available at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, Kingston E Liquid
Jelly Blackcurrant and Raspberry | Kingston E-Liquid
Introducing Jelly Blackcurrant and Raspberry by Kingston E-Liquid, a delectable vaping experience that blends tangy raspberries and sweet blackcurrants.
Key Features:
- Flavorful Fusion: Enjoy the delightful combination of tangy raspberries and sweet blackcurrants, providing a burst of flavor with every vape.
- Customizable Nicotine Strength: With 2 x 10ml nicotine shots, you can adjust the nicotine content to your preference, achieving a 3mg nicotine strength in a 120ml e-liquid bottle.
- High VG Ratio: The e-liquid boasts a 70% Vegetable Glycerine to 30% Propylene Glycol ratio, ensuring exceptional flavor and vapor production, making it ideal for sub-ohm vaping.
- Safe Usage: Kingston E-Liquid products are designed for existing smokers aged 18 or over as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. They contain no tar, no tobacco, and no carbon monoxide.
Find Jelly Blackcurrant and Raspberry at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store, your trusted source for quality vaping products.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, Frooti Tooti
Juicy Blackcurrant E liquid | Frooti Tooti
Indulge in the tantalizing world of Juicy Blackcurrant E liquid, a masterpiece crafted by Frooti Tooti.
Key Features:
- Flavor Profile: Immerse yourself in the exquisite blend of sweet and tart notes, capturing the true essence of ripe blackcurrants.
- Generous Quantity: A 120ml bottle filled with 100ml of nicotine-free e-liquid ensures an ample supply of this delectable flavor.
- Customizable Nicotine Strength: Elevate your vaping experience by adding Nicotine Shots to tailor the nicotine content to your preference, achieving a perfect 3mg blend effortlessly.
- 50vg 50pg Ratio: Enjoy a harmonious balance of vapor production and flavor intensity, complemented by sleek and attractive packaging.
Your gateway to premium vaping products, EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store ensures you have access to the finest flavors, making Juicy Blackcurrant a must-have in your collection.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, Ninja Fruits
Kakute | Ninja Fruits
Introducing Kakute e-liquid by Ninja Fruits, a tantalizing blend crafted for an extraordinary vaping experience.
Key Features
- Captivating Flavour: Layered strawberries, hidden pear notes, and bold lime create a delectable taste sensation.
- Perfect Blend: Formulated with 70% VG and 30% PG for optimal flavor retention and vapor production.
- Customizable Nicotine Strength: Comes in a 120ml shortfill bottle with space for two 10ml Nicotine Shots (18mg each) to adjust nicotine potency.
- Premium Quality: Meticulously crafted for vaping satisfaction, inspired by the precision of ninja gear.
SKU: n/a -
Pick N Mix
Kola Kubes | Pick N Mix
Introducing Kola Kubes by Pick N Mix: Experience the timeless delight of classic cola flavor in every puff.
Key Features:
- Classic Cola Flavor: Delivers the nostalgic taste of classic cola, tantalizing your taste buds with every inhale.
- Customizable Nicotine Strength: Tailor your vaping experience with 2 x 10ml nicotine shots, available in both traditional and Cool Nic Shot options.
- Generous 120ml Bottle: This e-liquid comes in a 120ml bottle, filled with 100ml of e-liquid, allowing you to personalize your nicotine content.
- High VG Blend: With a 70% VG to 30% PG ratio, Kola Kubes offers excellent flavor and vapor production, perfect for sub-ohm vaping.
- Safety First: Bowman Specialised Liquids products are intended for adults aged 18 and over, ensuring a responsible and enjoyable vaping experience.
- No Harmful Byproducts: Contains no tar, tobacco, or carbon monoxide, making it a cleaner alternative to traditional tobacco smoking.
Find Kola Kubes at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store and explore this delectable e-liquid that combines tradition with innovation.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, Ninja Fruits
Kunai | Ninja Fruits
Introducing Kunai Flavour by Ninja Fruits, the ultimate blend for stealthy and satisfying vaping.
Key Features
- Lethal Elegance: Inspired by ninja gear, this e-liquid offers a discreet yet powerful vaping experience.
- Succulent Blend: Dive into the delicious sweetness of ripe Honeydew melon and the juicy burst of Watermelon with each puff.
- Freshness Boost: Feel a cool chill of ice that takes the flavor to new levels of freshness.
- Smooth Vaping: Made with a 70% VG and 30% PG ratio for a smooth vaping experience with every cloud.
- Customizable Nicotine Strength: Comes in a 120ml shortfill bottle, giving vapers the option to adjust nicotine levels by adding Nicotine Shots.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, Ninja Fruits
Kyoketsu | Ninja Fruits
Introducing Kyoketsu by Ninja Fruits – a tasty mix of blackcurrant and aniseed that makes vaping awesome. This cool flavor is strong yet smooth, perfect for anyone who loves vaping.
Key Features
- Bold Blend: It’s a special mix of blackcurrant and aniseed that gives a unique and exciting taste.
- Smooth Experience: Even though it’s strong, Kyoketsu goes down smoothly, making vaping a breeze.
- Customizable Nicotine Strength: You can adjust the nicotine level to your liking since it comes in a 120ml bottle with 100ml of e-liquid.
- Ample Vapor Production: With a ratio of 70% VG and 30% PG, Kyoketsu makes big, fluffy clouds of vapor.
- Premium Quality: Made by Ninja Fruits, known for their top-notch vape flavors.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, UK Labs 120
Lemon Drizzle | UK Labs 120 : Baked
Introducing Lemon Drizzle by UK Labs 120: Baked, a vaping masterpiece that transforms the classic British dessert into an extraordinary e-liquid experience.
Key Features:
- Authentic Flavor Profile: Immerse in the real taste of the classic British dessert with rich creamy notes and a refreshing citrus twist.
- Nicotine Customization: The 100ml shortfill comes with a 120ml bottle, ready for 2 x 18mg Add Nic Shots, allowing you to tailor nicotine levels according to your preference.
- Premium Blend: A carefully crafted 70% VG and 30% PG ratio ensures a smooth and satisfying vaping experience.
- Safety First: Tamper-evident and child-proof caps prioritize user safety, meeting regulatory standards.
- Additional Options: Enhance your experience with an optional 2x Nic Shot or 2x Cool Nic Shot for an extra kick.
- Health-Conscious Choice: No tar, no tobacco, and no carbon monoxide, providing a healthier alternative to traditional smoking.
- Targeted Audience: Specifically designed for adult smokers aged 18 and over, offering a flavorful alternative to tobacco cigarettes.
Easily accessible at the EVPE Crystal Clear Vape Store, ensuring a hassle-free purchase experience.
SKU: n/a -
E-liquid, UK Labs : Baked
Lemon Drizzle Cake | UK Labs : Baked
Introducing Lemon Drizzle Cake e-liquid by UK Labs: Baked, a tantalizing vape juice that captures the essence of the beloved British dessert.
Key Features
- Authentic Flavor: Experience the true taste of lemon drizzle, with a perfect balance of citrusy zing and subtle sweetness.
- Customizable Nicotine Strength: Sold in a 60ml shortfill bottle, allowing vapers to add a 10ml Nicotine Shot to achieve their desired nicotine level.
- Smooth Vapor Production: Formulated with a VG/PG ratio of 70%/30%, ensuring smooth clouds and rich flavor delivery.
SKU: n/a